Parkinson’s Disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. Nearly 1 million people in the US are affected by Parkinson’s, with about 60,000 new diagnoses reported each year.

Parkinson's occurs from the loss and degeneration of neurons involved in dopamine secretion. Abnormal dopamine levels can cause a variety of symptoms including motor problems such as tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movement.

Studies have shown that Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) transplantation can support the activation of neurogenesis, the protection and regeneration of damaged dopaminergic neurons, and the integration of new neurons into a functional network.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord becomes damaged, most commonly, when motor vehicle accidents, falls, acts of violence, or sporting accidents fracture vertebrae and crush or transect the spinal cord. Damage to the spinal cord usually results in impairments or loss of muscle movement, muscle control, sensation and body system control

MSCs can give rise to neural-like cells and differentiate across different cell lineages. It inhibits H2O2-mediated apoptosis that occurs during spinal cord injury as well as create a paracrine effect in neurotrophic molecules. The implication of this is that MSCs can help rescue impaired neural function following spinal cord injury, neural regeneration, replace lost neural cells, and improve the cell's ability to survive.

In ALS, the primary motor cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord are affected by a rapid degeneration or death of nerve (neural) cells, a process which leads to an overall loss in the ability to control muscle action

Found in bone marrow and adipose (fat) tissue, Mesenchymal Stem Cells can differentiate between different cell types. In the case of ALS, MSCs stimulate the production of T lymphocytes (which help modulate the immune system) and anti-inflammatory cytokines, both of which can help slow down the progression of ALS. Other studies have shown that cell transplantation also help modulate motor neuron response to cell death and inflammation. MSC's also help regulate toxic processes which lowers overall cell death.

Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot regulate or properly glucose in the blood. In diabetes, blood sugar is elevated either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or because or cells in the body fail to respond to the insulin that is released (type 2 diabetes).

Stem cells are being used for ongoing research to help us explore the intricate ways in which our bodies process sugar and answer some important questions about the root causes of diabetes. Recently, there has been great progress in generating beta cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Laboratory studies help us better understand disease progression, what the potential genetic causes may be, and similarities and differences between patients.

A stroke is the sudden interruption in brain flow. The most common type of stroke is the ischemic storke, which occurs when a blood vessel responsible with supplying oxygen to the brain is obstructed.

Severe reductions in blood flow that occur in strokes can seriously damage parts of the brain or could even be fatal. The best treatment for someone suffering a stroke is to get treatment as quickly as possible to restore blood flow. Brain (neural) stem cells can make any cell in the brain and will naturally repair small amounts of brain damage. Researchers hope that neural stem cell treatments might be able to help stroke victims by partially repairing brain damage.

Chronic kidney disease (aka chronic kidney failure) is the gradual loss of functions in the kidney, your vital filtering organ. Symptoms may not be apparent until the kidney damage is great. Advanced stages of kidney disease could lead to a dangerous buildup of fluid, electrolytes, and waste in the body.

MSCs are the body’s natural defense against kidney damage. Found in the bone marrow, these stem cells protect the kidneys from injury and accelerate healing.